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German cruiser Köln
''Köln'' was a light cruiser, the third member of the that was operated between 1929 and March 1945, including service in World War II. She was operated by two German navies, the ''Reichsmarine'' and the ''Kriegsmarine''. She had two sister ships, and . ''Köln'' was built by the ''Deutsche Werke'' shipyard in Kiel; she was laid down in August 1926, launched in May 1928, and commissioned into the ''Reichsmarine'' in January 1930. She was armed with a main battery of nine 15 cm SK C/25 guns in three triple turrets and had a top speed of .
Like her sister ships, ''Köln'' served as a training ship for naval cadets in the 1930s, and joined the non-intervention patrols during the Spanish Civil War during the latter part of the decade. After the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, she conducted several operations in the North Sea, but did not encounter any British warships. She participated in the attack on Bergen during Operation ''Weserübung'' in April 1940, and she was the only member of her class to survive the operation. In 1942, she was modified to carry a Flettner Fl 282 helicopter experimentally. Later in 1942, she returned to Norway, but did not see significant action. She remained there until early 1945, when she returned to Germany; in March, she was sunk by American bombers in Wilhelmshaven. She remained on an even keel, with her gun turrets above water; this allowed her to provide gunfire support to defenders of the city until the end of the war in May 1945.
==Characteristics==
(詳細はlong overall and had a beam of and a maximum draft of . She displaced at full combat load. Her propulsion system consisted of four steam turbines and a pair of 10-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines. Steam for the turbines was provided by six Marine-type double-ended oil-fired boilers. The ship's propulsion system provided a top speed of and a range of approximately at . ''Köln'' had a crew of 21 officers and 493 enlisted men.〔Gröner, pp. 119–120〕
The ship was armed with nine 15 cm SK C/25 guns mounted in three triple gun turrets. One was located forward, and two were placed in a superfiring pair aft. The rear gun turrets were offset to increase their arc of fire. They were supplied with 1,080 rounds of ammunition, for 120 shells per gun. The ship was also equipped with two 8.8 cm SK L/45 anti-aircraft guns in single mounts; they had 400 rounds of ammunition each. ''Köln'' also carried four triple torpedo tube mounts located amidships; they were supplied with twenty-four torpedoes. She was also capable of carrying 120 naval mines.〔Gröner, p. 120〕 The ship was protected by an armored deck that was thick amidships and an armored belt that was thick. The conning tower had thick sides.〔Gröner, p. 119〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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